Editorial Team - everything PE
Jun 17, 2024
Toroidal transformers are a type of electrical transformer that uses a toroidal or doughnut-shaped core made up of ferromagnetic materials such as laminated iron, iron powder or ferrite. These compact transformers provide improved efficiency and design flexibility compared to conventional transformers. They are ideal for audio and medical equipment, power supplies, industrial electronics and renewable energy systems.
The operation of a toroidal transformer is similar to a linear transformer and is based on the principles of electromagnetic induction. It consists of a toroidal core surrounded by primary and secondary windings. When current flows through the primary winding, it creates an electromagnetic force (EMF) that induces a current in the secondary winding. This process enables the transfer of power from the primary coil to the secondary coil.
Features of Toroidal Transformers
Noise Level: Toroidal transformers operate quietly due to minimal vibration and electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Signal Distortion: They preserve the quality of the input signal due to low hysteresis and magnetizing current.
Core Losses: Toroidal transformers have high electrical efficiency due to minimal air gaps and effective heat dissipation.
Housing and Protection: The compact and symmetrical shape allows for easy mounting and shielding.
Dimension: Toroidal transformers are smaller and lighter than other types of transformers with the same power rating.
Efficiency: Toroidal transformers typically have an efficiency of 90 to 95%, whereas traditional transformers have an efficiency of less than 90%.
Stray Field: Toroidal transformers have a significantly lower stray field compared to traditional transformers, which reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Magnetic Interference: They have a high resistance to external magnetic fields and do not emit significant magnetic interference
Mounting: Toroidal transformers can be mounted using various methods, including resin center potting, pressure-less mounting plates, complete encapsulation in plastic or metal housings, PCB mounting, and DIN rail mounting.
Encapsulation: They can be encapsulated in plastic or metal housings for added protection and shielding
Feature
Toroidal Transformers
Conventional Transformers
Core Shape
Doughnut-shaped or ring-shaped
E-shaped or I-shaped
Core Material
Laminated iron, iron powder, or ferrite
Laminated steel
Winding Configuration
Primary and secondary windings wrapped around the core
Windings are made on a nylon bobbin and then assembled onto the core
Efficiency
90 to 95% efficient
Typically, less than 90%
Size and Weight
Smaller and lighter than conventional transformers with similar power ratings
Larger and heavier than toroidal transformers with similar power ratings
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Low EMI due to compact shape and reduced magnetic flux leakage
Higher EMI compared to toroidal transformers
Mounting
Easy to mount using a single bolt
Requires multiple screws/bolts for mounting
Noise Level
Low audible noise and vibration
Higher audible noise and vibration
Applications
Suitable for low kVA (up to 15 kVA) devices in medical, industrial, renewable energy, and audio applications
Suitable for general-purpose applications due to cost-effectiveness and versatility
Cost
More expensive to manufacture
Less expensive to manufacture
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