As electricity demand from artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, hyperscale computing facilities, and industrial electrification continues to accelerate, energy storage providers are seeking new ways to deliver reliable, dispatchable power while reducing dependence on conventional fossil-fuel generation. Addressing this challenge, Energy Dome has introduced the CO2 Battery Plus, an advanced long-duration energy storage platform that combines carbon dioxide-based energy storage with gas turbine infrastructure to enhance power output, improve operational flexibility, and reduce the carbon intensity of electricity generation.
The CO2 Battery Plus builds upon Energy Dome's core CO2 Battery technology, a thermo-mechanical energy storage system that uses carbon dioxide as a working fluid in a closed-loop cycle. During charging, excess electricity from the grid or renewable sources is used to compress gaseous CO2 into a liquid state for storage. When power is required, the stored liquid CO2 is expanded through a turbine to generate electricity and is then returned to its gaseous state, ready for the next cycle. Unlike conventional battery technologies, the system relies on industrial equipment such as compressors, turbines, pressure vessels, steel, water, and CO2, avoiding dependence on lithium, cobalt, or other critical minerals.
The newly introduced CO2 Battery Plus extends this concept by integrating directly with open-cycle gas turbines (OCGTs). Rather than storing thermal energy generated during the charging process for later reuse, the system utilizes waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust during discharge. This approach allows the stored CO2 to be heated and expanded more effectively, increasing power generation while simultaneously improving the utilization of energy that would otherwise be lost as waste heat. This configuration enables combined-cycle-like performance without the complexity of traditional combined-cycle power plants.
Open-Cycle Gas Turbines (OCGTs)
A key feature of the technology is its ability to operate in multiple modes depending on grid requirements. During low-demand periods or times of excess renewable generation, the system enters Charge Mode, storing energy by compressing CO2 into liquid form. During periods of peak demand, the system can operate in SuperBoost Mode, where turbine exhaust heat is used to drive the CO2 expansion cycle and deliver additional power output. In this mode, the CO2 Battery Plus can provide power equivalent to adding another gas turbine of similar size, effectively more than doubling the available output from the existing generation asset.
The platform also supports a Generation Mode, referred to as Boost Mode, in which the compressor and turbine operate simultaneously in a closed-loop cycle without transferring CO2 between storage states. In this configuration, the system acts as an efficiency enhancer for gas-fired generation, increasing net power output by up to 25% without requiring additional fuel consumption. This capability offers utilities and large energy users a means of extracting more usable electricity from existing generation assets while reducing overall emissions intensity.
Energy Dome positions the CO2 Battery Plus as a solution for one of the fastest-growing challenges in the energy sector: supplying firm power to AI data centers. As AI workloads drive unprecedented growth in electricity demand, operators require energy resources capable of delivering reliable power beyond the four-hour duration typically associated with lithium-ion battery systems. Long-duration energy storage technologies are increasingly being viewed as a critical component of future grid infrastructure capable of supporting around-the-clock power availability for digital infrastructure and industrial loads.
Compared with conventional lithium-ion battery installations, Energy Dome highlights several advantages of its CO2-based architecture, including a projected operational lifetime exceeding 30 years without capacity degradation, the use of globally available industrial components, and full-depth discharge capability. The company also emphasizes the modular nature of the platform, enabling deployment across utility-scale, industrial, and behind-the-meter applications without dependence on scarce raw materials.
The CO2 Battery Plus forms part of Energy Dome's broader technology platform, which now includes both standalone long-duration energy storage systems and integrated gas-turbine-enhancement solutions. Together, these offerings are designed to provide utilities, hyperscale data center operators, and governments with scalable options for balancing renewable generation, strengthening grid resilience, and meeting rapidly growing power demand while supporting decarbonization objectives.
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About Energy Dome
Energy Dome is an Italy-based energy technology company specializing in long-duration energy storage solutions. The company is known for its patented CO2 Battery technology, which stores electricity through the compression and expansion of carbon dioxide in a closed thermo-mechanical cycle.
